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Congressional Review Act in the 119th Congress

The Congressional Review Act (CRA) allows Congress by simple majority vote in both chambers with limited debate, no possibility of a filibuster, and the president’s signature to overturn recently issued regulations. The agency that issued the rule is then prohibited from issuing a new one that is “substantially the same,” but the scope of this prohibition has never been tested in court. Importantly, the CRA includes a carryover period allowing a new Congress to strike down rules issued in the final months of the previous administration.

Featured Rules Targeted for Repeal

Lawmakers are using the CRA to throw out important worker, consumer, health, safety, and environmental protections. In effect, the CRA makes it easy for members of Congress to enrich their industry donors at the public’s expense. No one in either party voted for higher prices, dirtier air and water, more scams and rip-offs, more dangerous workplaces, and deadlier natural disasters, but that’s exactly what we’ll get when lawmakers use the CRA to strike down rules.

Click each rule to learn more. Scroll down for a complete list of CRA resolutions introduced this Congress.

CRA Targets in the 119th Congress

AGENCYHOUSE BILLSENATE BILLSTATUS
Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Water Heating EquipmentEnergyH.J. Res. 15
Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water HeatersEnergyH.J. Res. 20
S.J. Res. 42/27: Passed House 221-198-2
4/10: Passed Senate 53-44
Modernizing H-2 Program Requirements, Oversight, and Worker ProtectionsHomeland SecurityH.J. Res. 21
Modernizing H-1B Requirements, Providing Flexibility in the F-1 Program, and Program Improvements Affecting Other Nonimmigrant WorkersHomeland SecurityH.J. Res. 22
Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Walk-In Coolers and Walk-In FreezersEnergyH.J. Res. 243/27: Passed House 203-182
4/3: Passed Senate 53-42
Gross Proceeds Reporting by Brokers That Regularly Provide Services Effectuating Digital Asset SalesInternal Revenue ServiceH.J. Res. 25S.J. Res. 33/11: Passed House 292-132
3/26: Passed Senate 70-28
4/10: Signed by the President
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Heavy-Duty Vehicles-Phase 3Environmental Protection AgencyH.J. Res. 26
Phasedown of Hydrofluorocarbons: Management of Certain Hydrofluorocarbons and Substitutes Under the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act of 2020Environmental Protection AgencyH.J. Res. 30

H.J. Res. 38
S.J. Res. 14
Addressing the Homework Gap Through the E-Rate ProgramFederal Communications CommissionH.J. Res. 33S.J. Res. 7
Increase of the Automatic Extension Period of Employment Authorization and Documentation for Certain Employment Authorization Document Renewal ApplicantsHomeland SecurityH.J. Res. 23S.J. Res. 8
Commission Guidance Regarding the Listing of Voluntary Carbon Credit Derivative ContractsCommodity Futures Trading CommissionS.J. Res. 9
Protection of Marine Archaeological ResourcesOcean Energy ManagementH.J. Res. 62S.J. Res. 112/25: Passed Senate 54-44
3/6: Passed House 221-202
3/14: Signed by the President
Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and ExemptionsEnvironmental Protection AgencyH.J. Res. 35S.J. Res. 122/26: Passed House 220-206
2/27: Passed Senate 52-47
3/14: Signed by the President
Review of Applications Under the Bank Merger ActComptroller of the CurrencyS.J. Res. 13
Trichloroethylene (TCE); Regulation Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)Environmental Protection AgencyH.J. Res. 27
H.J. Res. 34
S.J. Res. 19
Law Enforcement; Criminal ProhibitionsForest ServiceH.J. Res. 36S.J. Res. 17
Premerger Notification; Reporting and Waiting Period RequirementsFederal Trade CommissionH.J. Res. 39
Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) ProgramDefenseH.J. Res. 40
Postsecondary Student Success GrantEducationH.J. Res. 41
Energy Conservation Program for Appliance Standards: Certification Requirements, Labeling Requirements, and Enforcement Provisions for Certain Consumer Products and Commercial EquipmentEnergyH.J. Res. 42S.J. Res. 502/27: Passed House 221-198
4/30: Passed Senate 52-46
New Source Performance Standards Review for Volatile Organic Liquid Storage Vessels (Including Petroleum Liquid Storage Vessels)Environmental Protection AgencyH.J. Res. 43
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations for Lead and Copper: Improvements (LCRI)Environmental Protection AgencyH.J. Res. 18
H.J. Res. 44
Reconsideration of the Dust-Lead Hazard Standards and Dust-Lead Post-Abatement Clearance LevelsEnvironmental Protection AgencyH.J. Res. 45
Decabromodiphenyl Ether and Phenol, Isopropylated Phosphate (3:1); Revision to the Regulation of Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic Chemicals Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)Environmental Protection AgencyH.J. Res. 46
Quality Control Standards for Automated Valuation ModelsComptroller of the CurrencyH.J. Res. 47
Quality Control Standards for Automated Valuation ModelsFederal ReserveH.J. Res. 48
Quality Control Standards for Automated Valuation ModelsFederal Deposit Insurance CorporationH.J. Res. 49
Quality Control Standards for Automated Valuation ModelsNational Credit Union AdministrationH.J. Res. 50
Quality Control Standards for Automated Valuation ModelsConsumer Financial Protection BureauH.J. Res. 51
Quality Control Standards for Automated Valuation ModelsFederal Housing Finance AgencyH.J. Res. 52
Form N-PORT and Form N-CEN Reporting; Guidance on Open-End Fund Liquidity Risk Management ProgramsSecurities and Exchange CommissionH.J. Res. 53
Anti-Money Laundering Regulations for Residential Real Estate TransfersFinancial Crimes Enforcement NetworkH.J. Res. 55
Anti-Money Laundering/Countering the Financing of Terrorism Program and Suspicious Activity Report Filing Requirements for Registered Investment Advisers and Exempt Reporting AdvisersFinancial Crimes Enforcement NetworkH.J. Res. 56
Oil and Gas and Sulfur Operations in the Outer Continental Shelf-High Pressure High Temperature UpdatesInteriorH.J. Res. 57
Medicare Program; Calendar Year (CY) 2025 Home Health Prospective Payment System (HH PPS) Rate Update; HH Quality Reporting Program Requirements; HH Value-Based Purchasing Expanded Model Requirements; Home Intravenous Immune Globulin (IVIG) Items and Services Rate Update; and Other Medicare PoliciesCenters for Medicare & Medicaid ServicesH.J. Res. 58
Overdraft Lending: Very Large Financial InstitutionsConsumer Financial Protection BureauH.J. Res. 59S.J. Res. 183/27: Passed Senate 52-48
4/9: Passed House 217-211
Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor VehiclesNational Park ServiceH.J. Res. 60S.J. Res. 304/29: Passed House 219-205
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber Tire ManufacturingEnvironmental Protection AgencyH.J. Res. 61S.J. Res. 243/5: Passed House 216-202
Defining Larger Participants of a Market for General-Use Digital Consumer Payment ApplicationsConsumer Financial Protection BureauH.J. Res. 64S.J. Res. 283/5: Passed Senate 51-47
4/9: Passed House 219-211
Rules for Supervisory Approval of PenaltiesInternal Revenue ServiceH.J. Res. 65
Air Plan Approval; Ohio; Withdrawal of Technical AmendmentEnvironmental Protection AgencyH.J. Res. 66S.J. Res. 29
Prohibition on Creditors and Consumer Reporting Agencies Concerning Medical Information (Regulation V)Consumer Financial Protection BureauH.J. Res. 74S.J. Res. 36
Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air ActEnvironmental Protection AgencyS.J. Res. 315/1: Passed Senate 52-46
Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator-FreezersEnergy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable EnergyH.J. Res. 753/27: Passed House 214-193
Updates to New Chemicals Regulations Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)Environmental Protection AgencyH.J. Res. 76
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for the San Francisco Bay-Delta Distinct Population Segment of the Longfin SmeltFish and Wildlife ServiceH.J. Res. 785/1: Passed House 216-195
Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air ActEnvironmental Protection AgencyH.J. Res. 79
Section 45Y Clean Electricity Production Credit and Section 48E Clean Electricity Investment CreditInternal Revenue ServiceS.J. Res. 39
Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator-FreezersEnergyS.J. Res. 44
California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of DecisionEnvironmental Protection AgencyH.J. Res. 87S.J. Res. 464/30: Passed House 231-191
California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of DecisionEnvironmental Protection AgencyH.J. Res. 88S.J. Res. 455/1: Passed House 246-164
California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of DecisionEnvironmental Protection AgencyH.J. Res. 89S.J. Res. 474/30: Passed House 225-196
Commission Guidance Regarding the Listing of Voluntary Carbon Credit Derivative ContractsCommodity Futures Trading CommissionH.J. Res. 90
Review of Applications Under the Bank Merger ActOffice of the Comptroller of the Currency; TreasuryH.J. Res. 92

CSS Resources

House Lawlessly Votes to Repeal California Clean Air Act Waivers
Coalition for Sensible Safeguards: April 30, 2025

CRA Resolutions Are Paybacks to Industry
Coalition for Sensible Safeguards: April 3, 2025

80 Groups Tell Congress to Reject Lawless Use of the CRA
Coalition for Sensible Safeguards: March 31, 2025

CSS and 80 Groups Oppose Misuse of the Congressional Review Act to Target Ineligible Policies
Coalition for Sensible Safeguards: March 31, 2025

Congressional Review Act By the Numbers
Center for Progressive Reform: February 25, 2025

The Congressional Review Act: Questions and Answers
Coalition for Sensible Safeguards: February 24, 2025

The Law Republicans Are Using to Repeal Biden-Era Regulations Is Fatally Flawed
Center for Progressive Reform: February 24, 2025

CSS Releases Congressional Review Act Resolutions Tracker
Coalition for Sensible Safeguards: February 5, 2025

Congressional Review Act Carryover Period Likely to End in May 2025
Public Citizen: December 12, 2024

Congressional Review Act Tracker Methodology
Public Citizen: December 12, 2024

Protections Under Threat: FAQs on the Congressional Review Act
Congressional Progressive Caucus Center: December 3, 2024

Dozens of Commonsense Safeguards Vulnerable to GOP Rollback
Public Citizen: November 22, 2024

Congressional Review Act Targets in the 119th Congress
Public Citizen: November 22, 2024

The Congressional Review Act: Questions and Answers
Coalition for Sensible Safeguards: March 14, 2023

Congressional Review Act in the 118th Congress
Coalition for Sensible Safeguards

GAO Review

Agencies engage in numerous actions, and under the CRA they are required to submit to Congress only those actions that are considered rules. If an agency does not consider its action a rule, it does not need to be submitted to Congress. However, if a member of Congress wants an agency action to be considered a rule under the CRA, the lawmaker can ask the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to determine whether the action should be considered a rule. While the response times vary widely, it takes the GAO on average 207 days to determine CRA eligibility, or nearly seven months. See this tracker for more details: GAO Rule Determinations for CRA Consideration.

Recommended Reading

How Trump and Congress Could Reverse Biden-Era Regulations
The American Prospect: December 9, 2024

If Republicans Sweep on Election Day, They Could Easily Repeal These Biden Policies
Government Executive: November 4, 2024

The Specter of the Congressional Review Act
Defenders of Wildlife: October 23, 2024

The Congressional Review Act: Congress’s Favorite Tool to Undermine Public Health, Labor Rights, and Environmental Protections
Earthjustice: June 21, 2024